Mn-Te powder is prepared by SPEX milling method. Primary results of air-milled Mn-Te Mixture show that original crystallites are gradually broken and oxidized without any MnTe phase formation. X-ray pattern of argon-milled powders show MnTe crystallites after 120 min. Milling, accompanying with Mn-Te2 phase. Diffraction peaks of Mn Te phase are weakened for longer milling times and some unwanted iron impurity phases gradually appear. The percentage of MnTe phase in products decreases considerably for longer than 12 hours milling times, while MnTe2 phase remains stable even after 110 hours of milling.      

Cu-based alloys have a wide range of applications in the electronics industry, communications industry, welding industries, etc. Regarding the type and percentage of the second phase, changing in the alloying elements has a significant effect on the mechanical and electrical properties of copper composites. The aim of the present work is to synthesize, investigate, and compare the micro-structure, micro-hardness, and electrical properties of different Cu-based nanocomposites. For this purpose, Cu-Al, Cu-Al2O3, Cu-Cr, and Cu-Ti were fabricated via ball milling of copper with 1, 3, and 6 weight percentages. The vial speed was 350 rpm and the ball-to-powder weight ratio was kept at 15:1. The milling process was performed at different times in Argon. Next, the prepared composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Based on XRD patterns, crystallite size, lattice strain, and lattice constant were calculated by Rietveld refinement using Maud software. The results show a decrease of crystallite size, and an increase of the internal strain and lattice constant by rising the alloying elements in all composites. Then, the produced powders compressed via the cold press and annealed at 650˚C. Finally; the micro-hardness and the electrical resistance of the manufactured tablets were measured. The results of these analyses show that micro-hardness is increased by enhancement of the reinforcement material, due to the rising of the work hardening. Cu-6wt%Ti with 312 Vickers and Cu-1wt%Al2O3 with 78 Vickers had the highest and lowest micro-hardness, respectively. Moreover, the results of the electrical resistance indicate a dramatic rise in the electrical resistance by increasing the amount of alloying material, which Cu-1wt%Al with 0.26 Ω had the highest electrical conductivity.

In this study, Fe-Co and Fe-Co-Cr alloys produced by mechanical alloying method. This alloying percentage (Fe-35%Co alloy) is used because it has highest saturation magnetization among all alloys. Added chromium is by 10% (atomic percent). For this purpose, mixture of iron, cobalt and chromium powders were milled in planetary ball mill with speed of 300 and 400 rpm in 0.75, 1.75, 3, 10 and 20 h (for speed of 400 rpm) and 1, 15, 32, 60 and 90 h (for speed of 300 rpm). Different processes control agent is used in each speed. Effects of speed and PCA on powders cool welding to cup have been studied. Produced powders have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and scanning electron microscope (SEM) at different times of alloying. Crystalline structure crumbles more and more with increase milling time and is reached in Nano scale.

In this study, synthesis of silicon nitride by mechanical alloying and the effects of important parameters of milling time and heat treatment temperature, time and rate are presented. Silicon micro powder and nitrogen gas were used as precursor materials. Synthesized phases, morphology and particle size were investigated by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and Fieldemission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was used for silicon nitride purity investigation.The optimum sample was produced at 30 h milling time, heat treatment at 1300oC and 22 oC /min heating rate conditions. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed more than 98% purity.

Aluminum and its alloys due to favorable properties such as low density and high strength to weight ratio, have found many applications in industries, particularly the automotive and aerospace. In this study, the production process of aluminum alloy 7014 using mechanical alloying in a high energy planetary mill, at a weight ratio of powder to bullet 1: 20, under argon atmosphere was investigated. According to the XRD results and XRY-MAP images and also the changes in lattice parameter, with increasing milling time gradually aluminum solid solution containing zinc and magnesium elements was created and aluminum alloy 7014 after a three-hour milling established. Also, effect of milling time on crystalline size, was investigated by milling at different times (4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20 and 25 h).finally, the crystalline size of about 11 nm was reported on 15 hours of milling. Also the Alloy hardness value increased with increasing milling time, so 130 Vickers was reported after 15 hours of the milling.

In recent years, a lot of research has been done in the field of producing soft magnetic nano composites by means of mechanical alloying. These materials indicate more electrical resistance and permeability in comparison with soft magnetic composites (SMCs). In this research, reduction of silicothermal mixed powder (Nickel-oxide, Silicon and Iron) was carried out by mechanical alloying to form soft nano composites of FeSiNi/SiO2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to detect physical characterization and finding the effect of milling time on microstructural properties. It was found that initiation of forming the homogenous alloy occurred in 4 hours of milling, and increasing the time of milling to 40 hours caused decreasing the grain size to 13 nm and formation of a homogenous alloy. Magnetic properties of the milled powder were studied by alternating gradient force magnetometer (AGFM) and it was observed that increasing the milling time will cause improvement in soft magnetic properties (decreasing magnetic coercivity and increasing magnetic saturation).

In this study, boron carbide (B4C) nanostructures were prepared by using mechanical alloying method. B4C nanostructures were prepared using halogen salts, boron oxide and cobalt catalytic agent. The phase transformation and microstructure of powders during ball milling were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM photographs of particle size distribution neatly formed into a nest of birds displayed. XRD studies indicated that the prepared particles were single phase crystalline B4C. The average particle size 25 nm was reported.